Hong Kong

香港

12 plates, 2006-2026

Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China, and this page compares it as an economy — the way every international dataset reports it, as HKG, never inside CHN. Every series is the SAR's own: the Census and Statistics Department's national accounts, the Monetary Authority's rates and reserves, the Department of Health's registered deaths, the police's reported offences. Each plate is regenerated from committed CSVs, so a chart and its number cannot drift apart. Where a canonical panel has no data it says so and why; nothing here is a Chinese national statistic and no Chinese series is drawn.

Where things stand

The plates

  1. The Economy. Four downturns in twenty years and a price level that barely moved: the peg imports American interest rates, so Hong Kong's cycles arrive from outside. Real growth +3.6% in 2025; GDP per person, US$ 56,983 in 2025; Unemployment 3.7% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 01

    The Economy

    Four downturns in twenty years and a price level that barely moved: the peg imports American interest rates, so Hong Kong's cycles arrive from outside.

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    • macro/cpi.csvC&SD — tables 510-60001 (composite CPI) and 510-60002 (underlying CPI) · 2006-2025
    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    • macro/labour.csvC&SD — table 210-06101, labour force statistics (General Household Survey) · 2006-2025
    • world/gdp_usd.csvWorld Bank WDI — NY.GDP.MKTP.CD and NY.GDP.PCAP.CD (ISO3 = HKG) · 2006-2025
    20062025
    +3.6% Real growth 2025
    56,983 GDP per person, US$ 2025
    3.7% Unemployment 2025
  2. The Public Books. Two perimeters that disagree, both correctly: the government's cash account and the IMF's consolidated general government are drawn side by side, never joined. Cash balance HK$75bn in 2025; Gross debt, general government 9.2% GDP in 2024; Interest paid 0.19% in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 02

    The Public Books

    Two perimeters that disagree, both correctly: the government's cash account and the IMF's consolidated general government are drawn side by side, never joined.

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    • fiscal/gg_imf.csvIMF World Economic Outlook via DataMapper — rev, exp, pb, GGXWDG_NGDP, ie · 2006-2024
    • fiscal/govt.csvC&SD — table 340-47001, Government revenue and expenditure under the General Revenue Account · 2006-2025
    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    20062025
    HK$75bn Cash balance 2025
    9.2% GDP Gross debt, general government 2024
    0.19% Interest paid 2024
  3. Where the Money Goes. Health and public order take half of what the government consumes. Social protection reads near zero because the pensions and allowances are transfers, and transfers are outside this table. Government consumption 12.6% GDP in 2025; Whole-economy investment 16.9% GDP in 2025; Public investment 6.0% GDP in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 03

    Where the Money Goes

    Health and public order take half of what the government consumes. Social protection reads near zero because the pensions and allowances are transfers, and transfers are outside this table.

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    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    • spending/gce_function.csvC&SD — table 310-32023, government consumption expenditure by social and economic function · 2006-2025
    • spending/investment.csvC&SD — table 310-32031, gross domestic fixed capital formation by component · 2006-2025
    20062025
    12.6% GDP Government consumption 2025
    16.9% GDP Whole-economy investment 2025
    6.0% GDP Public investment 2025
  4. Trade. An entrepot re-exports what it imports, so exports and imports each run near twice the economy. The Mainland takes six of every ten dollars of goods; the United States took one in seven in 2006 and one in sixteen now. Exports, goods and services 199.9% GDP in 2025; Trade balance +2.9% GDP in 2025; Merchandise exports, customs basis HK$5.24tn in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 04

    Trade

    An entrepot re-exports what it imports, so exports and imports each run near twice the economy. The Mainland takes six of every ten dollars of goods; the United States took one in seven in 2006 and one in sixteen now.

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    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    • trade/destinations.csvC&SD — table 410-50013, total exports to the ten main destinations · 2006-2025
    • trade/merchandise.csvC&SD — table 410-50001, external merchandise trade aggregate figures · 2006-2025
    • trade/trade_gdp.csvComputed from C&SD national accounts (tables 310-31002) · 2006-2025
    20062025
    199.9% GDP Exports, goods and services 2025
    +2.9% GDP Trade balance 2025
    HK$5.24tn Merchandise exports, customs basis 2025
  5. Money and Markets. The Base Rate is the Fed's upper bound plus 50 basis points and the spot rate is held between 7.75 and 7.85: Hong Kong has no independent monetary policy to chart, so the plate charts the consequence instead. Base Rate 4.62% in 2025; HKD per US$ 7.80 in 2025; Hang Seng Index, year-end 25,631 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 05

    Money and Markets

    The Base Rate is the Fed's upper bound plus 50 basis points and the spot rate is held between 7.75 and 7.85: Hong Kong has no independent monetary policy to chart, so the plate charts the consequence instead.

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    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • macro/cpi.csvC&SD — tables 510-60001 (composite CPI) and 510-60002 (underlying CPI) · 2006-2025
    • markets/base_rate.csvHKMA Base Rate, as compiled by the BIS in WS_CBPOL (D.HK) · 2006-2025
    • markets/equity.csvHang Seng Index and S&P 500 year-end closes via Yahoo Finance · 2006-2025
    • markets/fx.csvC&SD — tables 340-46001 (exchange rates) and 340-46002 (effective exchange rate indices) · 2006-2025
    20062025
    4.62% Base Rate latest
    7.80 HKD per US$ latest
    25,631 Hang Seng Index, year-end latest
  6. Credit. Household debt rose 45 points of GDP in sixteen years and has turned; classified loans are still under 2%. A savings account paid a hundredth of a percentage point for a decade. Household debt 87.8% GDP in 2025; Classified loans 2.01% in 2025; Best lending rate 5.19% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 06

    Credit

    Household debt rose 45 points of GDP in sixteen years and has turned; classified loans are still under 2%. A savings account paid a hundredth of a percentage point for a decade.

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    20062025
    87.8% GDP Household debt 2025
    2.01% Classified loans 2025
    5.19% Best lending rate latest
  7. People. Hong Kong publishes a Gini, a poverty rate and a minimum wage — in a census report, a poverty report and a Gazette notice. None has a machine-readable official series, so the three panels say so and the lens carries the median household income that does. Median household income HK$30,000 in 2025; In 2024 prices HK$27,548 in 2025; Real change since 2006 110 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 07

    People

    Hong Kong publishes a Gini, a poverty rate and a minimum wage — in a census report, a poverty report and a Gazette notice. None has a machine-readable official series, so the three panels say so and the lens carries the median household income that does.

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    • people/income.csvC&SD — table 130-06102, statistics on domestic households · 2006-2025
    20062025
    HK$30,000 Median household income 2025
    HK$27,548 In 2024 prices 2025
    110 Real change since 2006 2025
  8. Hong Kong in the World. An economy of seven and a half million people with reserves larger than its annual output. Every international body reports it as HKG, never inside CHN. GDP US$ 427bn in 2025; Human Development Index 0.955 in 2023; Official reserves US$ 428bn in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 08

    Hong Kong in the World

    An economy of seven and a half million people with reserves larger than its annual output. Every international body reports it as HKG, never inside CHN.

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    • world/corruption.csvTransparency International — Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 workbook, 'CPI Historical' sheet · 2006-2025
    • world/gdp_usd.csvWorld Bank WDI — NY.GDP.MKTP.CD and NY.GDP.PCAP.CD (ISO3 = HKG) · 2006-2025
    • world/hdi.csvUNDP — Human Development Report 2025 composite indices, complete time series · 2006-2025
    • world/reserves.csvHKMA — Monthly Statistical Bulletin table 8.4, foreign currency reserve assets · 2006-2025
    20062025
    US$ 427bn GDP 2025
    0.955 Human Development Index latest
    US$ 428bn Official reserves latest
  9. Demography. Deaths have exceeded births since 2020 and the fertility rate is a third of replacement. What keeps the count near seven and a half million is movement across the border, and that is a policy, not a trend. Population 7.5M in 2025; Fertility rate 0.73 in 2025; Crude death rate 6.90 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 09

    Demography

    Deaths have exceeded births since 2020 and the fertility rate is a third of replacement. What keeps the count near seven and a half million is movement across the border, and that is a policy, not a trend.

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    20062025
    7.5M Population latest
    0.73 Fertility rate 2025
    6.90 Crude death rate 2025
  10. Security. Reported offences restart in 2021, when the police re-based their classification, and 2025 carries a single quarter that no other quarter resembles. Homicide rate 2.59/100k in 2025; Reported offences 89,137 in 2025; Violent offences 8,823 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 10

    Security

    Reported offences restart in 2021, when the police re-based their classification, and 2025 carries a single quarter that no other quarter resembles.

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    • demography/population.csvC&SD — table 110-01001, population by sex and age group (mid-year) · 2006-2025
    • security/crime.csvHong Kong Police via C&SD — table 940-92033, cases reported by type of offence · 2021-2025
    20212025
    2.59/100k Homicide rate 2025
    89,137 Reported offences 2025
    8,823 Violent offences 2025
  11. Mortality. The fifth wave killed 9,291 people in 2022 with COVID-19 as the underlying cause — 126 per 100,000 — and took two and a half years off male life expectancy in a single year. Crude death rate 7.00 in 2024; Excess deaths +11.2% in 2024; Life expectancy, women 88.7 yrs in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 11

    Mortality

    The fifth wave killed 9,291 people in 2022 with COVID-19 as the underlying cause — 126 per 100,000 — and took two and a half years off male life expectancy in a single year.

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    20062024
    7.00 Crude death rate 2024
    +11.2% Excess deaths 2024
    88.7 yrs Life expectancy, women latest
  12. Migration. There is no gross immigration series: what C&SD publishes is the residual after births and deaths, split into one-way permit holders from the Mainland and everyone else. In 2020 the second group left 96,000 people behind. Net movement, per 1,000 3.60 in 2025; One-way permit holders 25,000 in 2025; Everyone else 2,100 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 12

    Migration

    There is no gross immigration series: what C&SD publishes is the residual after births and deaths, split into one-way permit holders from the Mainland and everyone else. In 2020 the second group left 96,000 people behind.

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    20062025
    3.60 Net movement, per 1,000 2025
    25,000 One-way permit holders 2025
    2,100 Everyone else 2025