United States

United States

Twenty years of the United States, from the agencies that measure it.

Every number here comes from the body that publishes it — the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Treasury, the Office of Management and Budget, the Federal Reserve, the Census Bureau and the CDC. The charts are generated from the CSVs in this repository, so every figure can be traced back to a file and a source.

Where things stand

The plates

  1. Real growth, % runs from 2.8 in 2006 to 2.4 in 2026, highest 6.3 in 2021, lowest -2.6 in 2009; GDP, US$ bn runs from 13,815.6 in 2006 to 32,234.7 in 2026, highest 32,234.7 in 2026, lowest 13,815.6 in 2006. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 01

    The American economy

    Growth, income per person, prices and jobs

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: macro/gdp.csv
    YearGDP, US$ bnReal growth, %GDP per person, US$
    200613815.62.846234
    200714474.22.047976
    200814769.90.148498
    200914478.1-2.647123
    201015049.02.748570
    201115599.71.649952
    201216254.02.351645
    201316880.72.153235
    201417608.12.555094
    201518295.02.956797
    201618804.91.857931
    201719612.12.560002
    201820656.53.062825
    201921540.02.665171
    202021375.3-2.164414
    202123745.86.371416
    202226059.72.477941
    202327825.92.982548
    202429381.03.086390
    202530861.32.390252
    202632234.72.4
    Drawn from · 4

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • international/world.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, FI.RES.TOTL.CD) · 2005-2025
    • macro/cpi.csvBureau of Labor Statistics — CPI-U, series CUUR0000SA0 and CUUR0000SA0L1E · 2006-2026
    • macro/gdp.csvBureau of Economic Analysis — NIPA tables 1.1.1, 1.1.5, 7.1 · 2006-2026
    • macro/unemployment.csvBureau of Labor Statistics — Current Population Survey, LNS14000000 (U-3) and LNS13327709 (U-6); CES0000000001 payrolls · 2006-2026
    20062025
    +2.3% Real growth 2025
    2.6% Inflation (CPI) 2025
  2. Balance, % GDP runs from -3.1 in 2005 to -7.1 in 2025, highest -2 in 2006, lowest -14.1 in 2020; Gross debt, % GDP runs from 65.8 in 2005 to 124.4 in 2025, highest 132.6 in 2020, lowest 64.5 in 2006. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 02

    What government takes in, spends and owes

    General government by calendar year, with the federal budget beside it

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: fiscal/general_government.csv
    YearRevenue, % GDPExpenditure, % GDPBalance, % GDPGross debt, % GDP
    200530.8533.93-3.165.8
    200631.6633.69-2.064.5
    200731.6534.56-2.965.0
    200830.5337.14-6.673.9
    200928.2241.40-13.287.1
    201028.7739.76-11.095.7
    201129.0838.80-9.7100.0
    201229.1137.22-8.1103.7
    201331.2235.78-4.6105.0
    201431.3035.32-4.0105.0
    201531.5035.03-3.5105.5
    201630.9835.33-4.4107.5
    201730.4035.19-4.8106.5
    201830.0135.35-5.3107.7
    201930.0135.82-5.8108.8
    202030.6144.74-14.1132.6
    202131.7443.23-11.5125.0
    202233.0736.82-3.7119.2
    202329.6137.47-7.9120.0
    202429.7937.61-7.8122.3
    202530.5037.56-7.1124.4
    Drawn from · 6

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • fiscal/budget.csvOMB Historical Tables 1.1 and 1.2 (FY2027 edition) for FY2006-2025; Treasury Monthly Treasury Statement for FY2026 · —
    • fiscal/debt.csvTreasury Fiscal Data — Debt to the Penny · —
    • fiscal/general_government.csvIMF — World Economic Outlook and Fiscal Monitor, via DataMapper (GGR_G01_GDP_PT, G_X_G01_GDP_PT, GGXCNL_NGDP, GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT, GGXWDG_NGDP) · 2005-2025
    • fiscal/interest.csvOECD — annual national accounts, Table 12 (government deficit/surplus, revenue, expenditure), OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12_EXP, S13 D41 payable · 2006-2026
    • fiscal/spending.csvOMB Historical Table 3.2 — outlays by function and subfunction (FY2027 edition) · —
    • macro/gdp.csvBureau of Economic Analysis — NIPA tables 1.1.1, 1.1.5, 7.1 · 2006-2026
    20052025
    -7.1% GDP Balance 2025
    124.4% GDP Gross debt latest
  3. Total, % GDP runs from 36.95 in 2005 to 39.57 in 2024, highest 47.26 in 2020, lowest 36.67 in 2006; Health, % GDP runs from 7.27 in 2005 to 10.28 in 2024, highest 10.61 in 2020, lowest 7.27 in 2005. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 03

    Where the money goes

    General-government spending by function, and what is invested

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: fiscal/cofog.csv
    YearTotal, % GDPSocial protection, % GDPHealth, % GDPEducation, % GDPDefence, % GDP
    200536.956.787.276.173.94
    200636.676.717.436.163.91
    200737.376.707.696.243.95
    200839.687.707.986.444.30
    200943.198.638.706.744.61
    201043.028.988.826.694.67
    201141.908.598.796.504.51
    201240.098.138.636.254.19
    201338.808.018.596.213.74
    201438.177.788.866.103.46
    201537.787.759.126.053.27
    201638.067.699.306.073.18
    201737.777.579.275.993.14
    201837.727.479.285.913.20
    201938.247.569.515.863.31
    202047.2611.9710.616.033.48
    202145.3311.9510.355.793.21
    202238.428.3010.145.662.98
    202339.217.8810.055.573.03
    202439.577.8010.285.593.11
    Drawn from · 3

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • fiscal/cofog.csvOECD — National Accounts at a Glance, chapter 6A, OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_OTEF, measure OTES13F · 2005-2024
    • fiscal/public_investment.csvOECD — National Accounts at a Glance, chapter 6, OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, measure P51GS13 · 2005-2024
    • macro/economy_wdi.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators (NE.GDI.FTOT.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS) · 2005-2025
    20052024
    39.6% GDP Spending 2024
    10.3% GDP Health 2024
  4. Goods balance, US$ bn runs from -857.6 in 2006 to -1,217.7 in 2026, highest -530.7 in 2009, lowest -1,248.5 in 2025; Services balance, US$ bn runs from 71.1 in 2006 to 367.2 in 2026, highest 367.2 in 2026, lowest 71.1 in 2006. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 04

    What America buys and sells

    Trade as a share of GDP, who buys American goods and who sells to America

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: trade/trade.csv
    YearExports, US$ bnImports, US$ bnGoods balance, US$ bnServices balance, US$ bn
    20061470.22256.6-857.671.1
    20071659.32395.2-843.0107.1
    20081835.32576.2-857.7116.8
    20091582.82001.9-530.7111.6
    20101857.22389.6-674.1141.8
    20112115.92695.5-762.7183.1
    20122217.72769.3-763.7212.1
    20132287.92766.4-730.0251.6
    20142378.52887.4-772.4263.5
    20152270.62794.9-792.9268.6
    20162235.62738.8-771.1267.8
    20172388.32931.6-823.2279.9
    20182538.13131.2-889.8296.7
    20192539.43116.7-871.9294.6
    20202163.82782.4-883.4264.9
    20212568.53409.6-1094.4253.3
    20223036.63955.0-1187.9269.5
    20233078.43841.3-1069.2306.3
    20243219.34100.7-1207.8326.3
    20253341.14262.3-1248.5327.3
    20263671.04521.5-1217.7367.2
    Drawn from · 4

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • macro/gdp.csvBureau of Economic Analysis — NIPA tables 1.1.1, 1.1.5, 7.1 · 2006-2026
    • trade/goods.csvCensus Bureau — trade in goods by country · 2006-2026
    • trade/partners.csvCensus Bureau — trade in goods by country · 2006-2026
    • trade/trade.csvBureau of Economic Analysis — NIPA table 4.1 (goods and services, balance-of-payments basis) · 2006-2026
    20062025
    US$ -1,248bn Goods balance 2025
    US$ +327bn Services balance 2025
  5. Year-end close runs from 1,418.3 in 2006 to 7,757.2 in 2026, highest 7,757.2 in 2026, lowest 903.2 in 2008; Largest fall in year, % runs from -7.7 in 2006 to -9.1 in 2026, highest -2.8 in 2017, lowest -48 in 2008. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 05

    Money and markets

    The policy rate, the long rate, the dollar and the stock market

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: markets/sp500.csv
    YearYearly averageYear-end closeChange, %Largest fall in year, %
    20061310.461418.3013.6-7.7
    20071477.181468.363.5-10.1
    20081220.04903.25-38.5-48.0
    2009948.051115.1023.5-27.6
    20101139.971257.6412.8-16.0
    20111267.641257.60-0.0-19.4
    20121379.351426.1913.4-9.9
    20131643.801848.3629.6-5.8
    20141931.382058.9011.4-7.4
    20152061.072043.94-0.7-12.4
    20162094.652238.839.5-9.3
    20172449.082673.6119.4-2.8
    20182746.212506.85-6.2-19.8
    20192913.363230.7828.9-6.8
    20203217.863756.0716.3-33.9
    20214273.394766.1826.9-5.2
    20224098.513839.50-19.4-25.4
    20234283.734769.8324.2-10.3
    20245428.245881.6323.3-8.5
    20256216.876845.5016.4-18.9
    20267280.217757.1713.3-9.1
    Drawn from · 5

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • macro/cpi.csvBureau of Labor Statistics — CPI-U, series CUUR0000SA0 and CUUR0000SA0L1E · 2006-2026
    • macro/dollar.csvFederal Reserve Board — H.10, broad nominal dollar index · 2006-2026
    • macro/fed_funds.csvFederal Reserve Bank of New York — effective federal funds rate and the FOMC target · 2006-2026
    • macro/treasury.csvUS Department of the Treasury — daily par yield curve · 2006-2026
    • markets/sp500.csvS&P Dow Jones Indices, via Yahoo Finance · 2006-2026
    20062025
    4.33% 10-year yield 2025
    4.00% Policy rate, top of range latest
  6. Supplemental, under 18, % runs from 17 in 2009 to 13.4 in 2025, highest 18.1 in 2013, lowest 5.1 in 2021; Official, under 18, % runs from 17.4 in 2006 to 13.4 in 2025, highest 22 in 2010, lowest 13.4 in 2025. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 06

    Households

    Inequality, poverty on three measures, the wage floor and the children

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: social/poverty.csv
    YearOfficial, all, %Supplemental, all, %Official, under 18, %Supplemental, under 18, %
    200612.317.4
    200712.518.0
    200813.219.0
    200914.315.120.717.0
    201015.115.922.017.9
    201115.016.121.918.0
    201215.016.021.818.0
    201314.815.921.518.1
    201414.815.621.117.1
    201513.514.519.716.2
    201612.714.018.015.2
    201712.313.017.414.2
    201811.812.816.213.7
    201910.511.714.412.4
    202011.59.116.09.6
    202111.67.715.35.1
    202211.512.115.012.0
    202311.112.715.313.5
    202410.713.014.413.5
    202510.213.113.413.4
    2026
    Drawn from · 6

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • international/worldbank.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators · 2006-2026
    • macro/cpi.csvBureau of Labor Statistics — CPI-U, series CUUR0000SA0 and CUUR0000SA0L1E · 2006-2026
    • social/gini.csvCensus Bureau — CPS ASEC historical income table H-4, Gini index of household money income, all races · 2006-2026
    • social/minimum_wage.csvDepartment of Labor, Wage and Hour Division — history of federal minimum wage rates under the FLSA · 2006-2026
    • social/poverty.csvCensus Bureau — "Poverty in the United States" P60 report, tables 3 and 8 · 2006-2026
    • social/poverty_intl.csvWorld Bank — Poverty and Inequality Platform, SI.POV.UMIC · 2005-2024
    20092025
    13.1% Poverty, supplemental 2025
    87,460 Median household income, US$ 2025
  7. CPI score, 2012 method runs from 73 in 2012 to 64 in 2025, highest 76 in 2015, lowest 64 in 2025. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 07

    The United States in the world

    The size of the economy, human development, corruption and reserves

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: international/corruption.csv
    YearCPI score, 2012 methodOld method, 0-10
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    20117.1
    201273
    201373
    201474
    201576
    201674
    201775
    201871
    201969
    202067
    202167
    202269
    202369
    202465
    202564
    2026
    Drawn from · 4

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • international/corruption.csvTransparency International — Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI 2025 results workbook; CPI 2011 data package) · 2006-2026
    • international/world.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, FI.RES.TOTL.CD) · 2005-2025
    • international/worldbank.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators · 2006-2026
    • social/hdi.csvUN Development Programme — Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series · 2006-2026
    20122025
    26.0% Share of world GDP 2025
    64/100 Corruption Perceptions Index latest
  8. Net migration per 1,000 runs from 2.49 in 2011 to 3.7 in 2025, highest 8.08 in 2024, lowest 1.13 in 2021; Natural increase per 1,000 runs from 4.71 in 2011 to 1.52 in 2025, highest 4.71 in 2011, lowest 0.44 in 2021. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 08

    How many Americans

    Population, fertility, births and deaths, and what changes the total

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: social/components.csv
    YearBirths per 1,000Deaths per 1,000Natural increase per 1,000Net migration per 1,000
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    201112.8008.0934.7062.494
    201212.5918.0004.5912.682
    201312.5138.2824.2322.636
    201412.4968.1434.3542.921
    201512.4978.4514.0463.260
    201612.3148.4013.9143.253
    201712.0458.6063.4382.872
    201811.7388.6683.0692.154
    201911.5798.6582.9211.818
    2020
    202110.80210.3620.4401.133
    202211.05110.3780.6735.021
    202310.8809.4051.4756.751
    202410.6639.1431.5208.081
    202510.6209.0981.5223.703
    2026
    Drawn from · 5

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • international/worldbank.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators · 2006-2026
    • social/components.csvCensus Bureau — population estimates, components of change, published rates per 1,000 (RBIRTH, RDEATH, RNATURALINC / RNATURALCHG, RNETMIG), Vintages 2019 and 2025 · 2006-2026
    • social/demography_wdi.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators (SP.POP.TOTL, SP.POP.TOTL.FE.IN, SP.DYN.CBRT.IN, SP.DYN.CDRT.IN, SM.POP.NETM) · 2005-2025
    • social/population_july1.csvCensus Bureau — resident population on 1 July: intercensal estimates 2000-2010 (us-est00int-tot.csv), intercensal estimates 2010-2020 (nc-est2020int-agesex-res.csv), Vintage 2025 (NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv) · 2006-2026
    • social/projections.csvCensus Bureau — 2023 National Population Projections, middle series · 2022-2100
    20062025
    3.70 Net migration, per 1,000 2025
    1.63 Fertility rate 2024
  9. All deaths runs from 2,426,264 in 2006 to 2,303,815 in 2026, highest 3,471,742 in 2021, lowest 2,303,815 in 2026; Involving COVID-19 runs from 385,676 in 2020 to 6,782 in 2026, highest 463,267 in 2021, lowest 6,782 in 2026. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 09

    Deaths

    How many die, how many more than usual, COVID-19, and how long people live

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: social/mortality.csv
    YearAll deathsCOVID-19, underlying causeInvolving COVID-19
    20062426264
    20072423712
    20082471984
    20092437163
    20102468435
    20112515458
    20122543279
    20132596993
    20142626418
    20152712630
    20162744248
    20172813503
    20182839205
    20192854838
    20203390079350831385676
    20213471742463267
    20223289563246297
    2023310101076055
    2024308219547540
    2025310543320682
    202623038156782
    Drawn from · 5

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • international/worldbank.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators · 2006-2026
    • social/death_rates.csvCDC — WONDER Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2020 (D76); NCHS provisional injury series (t6u2-f84c); Monthly Provisional Counts of Deaths by Select Causes (9dzk-mvmi); VSRR quarterly provisional mortality indicators (489q-934x) · 2006-2026
    • social/demography_wdi.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators (SP.POP.TOTL, SP.POP.TOTL.FE.IN, SP.DYN.CBRT.IN, SP.DYN.CDRT.IN, SM.POP.NETM) · 2005-2025
    • social/mortality.csvCDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2020 (final); CDC provisional COVID-19 death counts (Socrata r8kw-7aab) · 2006-2026
    • social/population_july1.csvCensus Bureau — resident population on 1 July: intercensal estimates 2000-2010 (us-est00int-tot.csv), intercensal estimates 2010-2020 (nc-est2020int-agesex-res.csv), Vintage 2025 (NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv) · 2006-2026
    20052024
    9.00 Deaths per 1,000 2024
    78.9 yrs Life expectancy, years 2024
  10. Homicides per 100,000 runs from 6.1 in 2006 to 5.2 in 2025, highest 7.8 in 2021, lowest 4.9 in 2014; Overdoses runs from 34,425 in 2006 to 70,646 in 2025, highest 109,413 in 2022, lowest 34,425 in 2006. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 10

    Violent and accidental death

    Homicide, suicide, the roads, overdoses and firearms, per 100,000 people

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: social/violence.csv
    YearHomicidesHomicides per 100,000Firearm deathsSuicidesOverdoses
    2006183136.1308963330034425
    2007181266.0312243459836010
    2008175805.8315933603536450
    2009165505.4313473690937004
    2010160085.2316723836438329
    2011160105.1323513951841340
    2012164435.2335634060041502
    2013158635.0336354114943982
    2014156254.9335944282647055
    2015175255.5362474419352404
    2016191035.9386584496563632
    2017192695.9397734717370237
    2018185995.7397404834467367
    2019189185.8396874751170630
    2020243527.4452214597991799
    2021260317.84883048183107573
    2022248497.54820449476109413
    2023228306.84672849316106881
    2024201626.0444474882480860
    2025172715.2423484906770646
    2026
    Drawn from · 5

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • social/death_rates.csvCDC — WONDER Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2020 (D76); NCHS provisional injury series (t6u2-f84c); Monthly Provisional Counts of Deaths by Select Causes (9dzk-mvmi); VSRR quarterly provisional mortality indicators (489q-934x) · 2006-2026
    • social/population_july1.csvCensus Bureau — resident population on 1 July: intercensal estimates 2000-2010 (us-est00int-tot.csv), intercensal estimates 2010-2020 (nc-est2020int-agesex-res.csv), Vintage 2025 (NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv) · 2006-2026
    • social/road_deaths.csvNHTSA — Fatality Analysis Reporting System, national data files · 2006-2026
    • social/security_intl.csvWorld Bank — World Development Indicators: VC.IHR.PSRC.P5 (UNODC), SH.STA.SUIC.P5 and SH.STA.TRAF.P5 (WHO Global Health Estimates) · 2005-2023
    • social/violence.csvCDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2020 (final); CDC provisional injury counts (Socrata t6u2-f84c); VSRR provisional overdose counts (Socrata xkb8-kh2a) · 2006-2026
    20062025
    5.2/100k Homicides per 100,000 2025
    14.7/100k Suicides per 100,000 2025
  11. Total, US$ tn runs from 11.31 in 2006 to 18.77 in 2026, highest 18.78 in 2025, lowest 11.31 in 2006; Credit card, US$ tn runs from 0.77 in 2006 to 1.26 in 2026, highest 1.28 in 2025, lowest 0.68 in 2012. The underlying figures are in the table below. Plate 11

    What households owe

    Household debt, what it costs, who falls behind, and what it is made of

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    The figures behind this plate, as committed. Source file: credit/household_debt.csv
    YearMortgage, US$ tnCredit card, US$ tnStudent, US$ tnTotal, US$ tn
    20068.2340.7670.48211.313
    20079.1010.8390.54712.372
    20089.2570.8660.63912.670
    20098.8430.7950.72112.166
    20108.4520.7300.81211.713
    20118.2680.7040.87411.537
    20128.0330.6790.96611.341
    20138.0490.6831.08011.521
    20148.1700.7001.15711.827
    20158.2490.7331.23212.116
    20168.4800.7791.31012.576
    20178.8820.8341.37813.148
    20189.1240.8701.45713.544
    20199.5570.9271.50814.145
    202010.0430.8191.55514.559
    202110.9300.8561.57615.576
    202211.9230.9861.59516.899
    202312.2521.1291.60117.503
    202412.6051.2111.61518.036
    202513.1701.2771.66418.776
    202613.1171.2631.65118.771
    Drawn from · 7

    The committed files this plate was read from, as recorded while it was drawn.

    • credit/delinquency.csvFederal Reserve Bank of New York — Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit, page 12 · 2006-2026
    • credit/household_credit.csvBIS — total credit statistics, WS_TC Q.US.H.A.M.770.A · 2005-2026
    • credit/household_debt.csvFederal Reserve Bank of New York — Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit · 2006-2026
    • credit/rates.csvFederal Reserve Board — G.19 Consumer Credit, terms of credit · 2006-2026
    • macro/fed_funds.csvFederal Reserve Bank of New York — effective federal funds rate and the FOMC target · 2006-2026
    • macro/gdp.csvBureau of Economic Analysis — NIPA tables 1.1.1, 1.1.5, 7.1 · 2006-2026
    • macro/mortgage.csvFreddie Mac — Primary Mortgage Market Survey · 2006-2026
    20052025
    68.1% GDP Household debt latest
    3.0% 90+ days delinquent 2025