Spain

España

12 plates of official data, 2006-2026

Every number here comes from the source that publishes it — INE, Eurostat, the Banco de España and the ECB, IGAE and the Tesoro Público (via Eurostat), the Ministerio del Interior — and every plate is regenerated from committed CSVs, so the charts and the numbers on this page cannot drift apart.

Where things stand

The plates

  1. The Economy. A €1.7 trillion economy that fell twice before COVID — 2008-09 and the 2011-13 double dip — fell hardest of all in 2020, and has outgrown the euro area since; unemployment peaked at one worker in four. GDP €1,690bn in 2025; Real growth +2.6% in 2025; Inflation (IPC) 2.7% in 2025; Unemployment (EPA) 10.5% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 01

    The Economy

    A €1.7 trillion economy that fell twice before COVID — 2008-09 and the 2011-13 double dip — fell hardest of all in 2020, and has outgrown the euro area since; unemployment peaked at one worker in four.

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    20062025
    €1,690bn GDP 2025
    +2.6% Real growth 2025
    2.7% Inflation (IPC) 2025
    10.5% Unemployment (EPA) 2025
  2. The Public Books. Small surpluses in 2006-07, then a deficit every year since; 2012 carries the bank bailout inside it. The debt nearly tripled while the interest bill fell back from its 2013 peak. Balance -2.4% GDP in 2025; Gross debt 100.5% GDP in 2025; Interest paid 2.4% GDP in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 02

    The Public Books

    Small surpluses in 2006-07, then a deficit every year since; 2012 carries the bank bailout inside it. The debt nearly tripled while the interest bill fell back from its 2013 peak.

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    20062025
    -2.4% GDP Balance 2025
    100.5% GDP Gross debt latest
    2.4% GDP Interest paid 2025
  3. Where the Money Goes. Social protection alone outweighs every other function combined — and its 2012-13 peak is unemployment, not largesse. Social protection 18.7% GDP in 2024; Health 6.5% GDP in 2024; Education 4.1% GDP in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 03

    Where the Money Goes

    Social protection alone outweighs every other function combined — and its 2012-13 peak is unemployment, not largesse.

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    20062024
    18.7% GDP Social protection 2024
    6.5% GDP Health 2024
    4.1% GDP Education 2024
  4. Foreign Trade. In surplus every year since 2011 — a services surplus, tourism mostly, over a goods deficit. France still takes one goods export in seven, and food now outsells cars. Exports €616bn in 2025; Imports €551bn in 2025; Openness 69.5% GDP in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 04

    Foreign Trade

    In surplus every year since 2011 — a services surplus, tourism mostly, over a goods deficit. France still takes one goods export in seven, and food now outsells cars.

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    20062025
    €616bn Exports 2025
    €551bn Imports 2025
    69.5% GDP Openness 2025
  5. Money & Markets. The policy rate is set in Frankfurt: eight years below zero, then the fastest hikes in the euro's history. The 2012 yield spike is the euro crisis in one number. Deposit facility, year-end 2.50% in 2026; 10-year yield 3.21% in 2025; IBEX 35 close 19,324 in 2026. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 05

    Money & Markets

    The policy rate is set in Frankfurt: eight years below zero, then the fastest hikes in the euro's history. The 2012 yield spike is the euro crisis in one number.

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    20062026
    2.50% Deposit facility, year-end latest
    3.21% 10-year yield 2025
    19,324 IBEX 35 close latest
  6. People. One person in five below the relative poverty line through boom and bust, a minimum wage that doubled in euros, and the jobs the slump destroyed, rebuilt. Minimum wage, € a month (×12) 1,425 in 2026; Employment 22.2M in 2025; At risk of poverty 19.5% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 06

    People

    One person in five below the relative poverty line through boom and bust, a minimum wage that doubled in euros, and the jobs the slump destroyed, rebuilt.

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    20062025
    1,425 Minimum wage, € a month (×12) latest
    22.2M Employment 2025
    19.5% At risk of poverty 2025
  7. Spain in the World. The comparables layer: GDP in dollars moves with the euro as much as with Spain, the corruption score is the lowest on TI's current method, and the reserves are small because the euro area's buffer sits at the ECB. GDP per person, US$ 38,627 in 2025; HDI 0.918 in 2023; Corruption Perceptions Index 55 in 2025; Reserves incl. gold US$ 129bn in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 07

    Spain in the World

    The comparables layer: GDP in dollars moves with the euro as much as with Spain, the corruption score is the lowest on TI's current method, and the reserves are small because the euro area's buffer sits at the ECB.

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    20052023
    38,627 GDP per person, US$ 2025
    0.918 HDI latest
    55 Corruption Perceptions Index latest
    US$ 129bn Reserves incl. gold latest
  8. Demography. Deaths overtook births in 2015 and never gave the lead back; the population grows on migration alone, and fertility is among the lowest ever recorded in Europe. Population, 1 Jan 49.6M in 2026; Fertility rate 1.10 in 2024; Births 318,005 in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 08

    Demography

    Deaths overtook births in 2015 and never gave the lead back; the population grows on migration alone, and fertility is among the lowest ever recorded in Europe.

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    20062026
    49.6M Population, 1 Jan latest
    1.10 Fertility rate 2024
    318,005 Births 2024
  9. Security. One of Europe's lowest homicide rates, on the death certificates; suicide is the largest violent death, and road deaths fell by more than half. The police count is pending — the ministry's portal blocks automated access. Homicides (death certificates) 324 in 2024; Suicides 3,953 in 2024; Road deaths 1,853 in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 09

    Security

    One of Europe's lowest homicide rates, on the death certificates; suicide is the largest violent death, and road deaths fell by more than half. The police count is pending — the ministry's portal blocks automated access.

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    20062024
    324 Homicides (death certificates) 2024
    3,953 Suicides 2024
    1,853 Road deaths 2024
  10. Mortality. Cancer and the heart trade the lead — cancer only pulled ahead in 2024 — and 2020 broke every trend on the plate. Deaths 436,118 in 2024; COVID-19 deaths 2020–24, certified 144,539; Tumour deaths 115,578 in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 10

    Mortality

    Cancer and the heart trade the lead — cancer only pulled ahead in 2024 — and 2020 broke every trend on the plate.

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    20062024
    436,118 Deaths 2024
    144,539 COVID-19 deaths 2020–24, certified 2006–2024 · total
    115,578 Tumour deaths 2024
  11. Credit. Variable-rate country: the 2022-23 shock hit the mortgage stock itself. Households deleveraged from 141% of disposable income to 75%. Household debt / income 75.6% in 2025; Doubtful loans (Dec) 2.7% in 2025; Euribor 12m 2.22% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 11

    Credit

    Variable-rate country: the 2022-23 shock hit the mortgage stock itself. Households deleveraged from 141% of disposable income to 75%.

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    20062025
    75.6% Household debt / income 2025
    2.7% Doubtful loans (Dec) latest
    2.22% Euribor 12m 2025
  12. Migration. Arrivals at record levels on the new methodology — and the 2021 seam where the measurement changed is drawn as a seam, never as a trend. Immigration (EMCR) 1,288,562 in 2024; Foreign-born residents, 1 Jan 9.5M in 2025; Naturalisations 252,476 in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 12

    Migration

    Arrivals at record levels on the new methodology — and the 2021 seam where the measurement changed is drawn as a seam, never as a trend.

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    20212024
    1,288,562 Immigration (EMCR) 2024
    9.5M Foreign-born residents, 1 Jan latest
    252,476 Naturalisations 2024