Italy

Italia

12 plates of official data, 2006-2026

Every number comes from the body that publishes it — ISTAT, Eurostat, the Banca d'Italia, the ECB and the named international sources — and every plate is regenerated from committed CSVs, so the charts and the page cannot drift apart.

Where things stand

The plates

  1. Growth, Prices and the Long Stall. Real growth that never recovers the 2008 loss, income per person in dollars, and an unemployment rate that halves only in the late 2020s. GDP €2,265bn in 2025; Real growth +0.6% in 2025; Inflation (HICP) 1.7% in 2025; Unemployment (annual average) 6.0% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 01

    Growth, Prices and the Long Stall

    Real growth that never recovers the 2008 loss, income per person in dollars, and an unemployment rate that halves only in the late 2020s.

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    • international/gdp_pc.csvWorld Bank — NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · 2006-2025
    • macro/gdp_estat.csvEurostat — nama_10_gdp (ESA 2010, Italy's transmission) · 2006-2026
    • macro/gdp_istat.csvISTAT — I.Stat SDMX, flow 163_156 (Conto economico delle risorse e degli impieghi) · 2006-2026
    • macro/hicp.csvEurostat — prc_hicp_aind (HICP annual rate of change) · 2006-2026
    • macro/nic.csvISTAT — CPI/NIC, flows 167_747_DCSP_NIC2B2025_1 (annual means 1996-2025, base 2015) and 167_745_DF_DCSP_NIC1B2025_1 (monthly from 2026, base 2025) · 2006-2026
    • macro/unemployment_estat.csvEurostat — une_rt_a (LFS unemployment rate, 15-74) · 2006-2026
    • macro/unemployment_istat.csvISTAT — Rilevazione sulle forze di lavoro, flow 151_884 (tasso di disoccupazione, trimestrale destagionalizzato) · 2006-2026
    20062025
    €2,265bn GDP 2025
    +0.6% Real growth 2025
    1.7% Inflation (HICP) 2025
    6.0% Unemployment (annual average) 2025
  2. Levies, Deficit and Debt. One of Europe's heaviest tax takes, a deficit that has never closed, and a debt the 2011–12 crisis pushed past 130% of GDP. Gross public debt 136.7% GDP in 2025; Deficit -3.1% GDP in 2025; Tax burden 43.0% GDP in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 02

    Levies, Deficit and Debt

    One of Europe's heaviest tax takes, a deficit that has never closed, and a debt the 2011–12 crisis pushed past 130% of GDP.

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    20062025
    136.7% GDP Gross public debt latest
    -3.1% GDP Deficit 2025
    43.0% GDP Tax burden 2025
  3. Where the Money Goes. Public spending by function: pensions inside social protection, and the 2020 jump that had still not come back down by 2024. Total spending 50.4% GDP in 2024; Social protection 21.3% GDP in 2024; Public investment 3.9% GDP in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 03

    Where the Money Goes

    Public spending by function: pensions inside social protection, and the 2020 jump that had still not come back down by 2024.

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    20062024
    50.4% GDP Total spending 2024
    21.3% GDP Social protection 2024
    3.9% GDP Public investment 2025
  4. Foreign Trade. A strong manufacturing base that exports, billed in euros; a customs goods balance in deficit only in the expensive-gas years, 2011 and 2022, in surplus in all the others. Exports (fob) €716bn in 2025; Imports (fob) €684bn in 2025; Goods balance €32bn in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 04

    Foreign Trade

    A strong manufacturing base that exports, billed in euros; a customs goods balance in deficit only in the expensive-gas years, 2011 and 2022, in surplus in all the others.

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    20062025
    €716bn Exports (fob) 2025
    €684bn Imports (fob) 2025
    €32bn Goods balance 2025
  5. Money and Markets. Milan in dollars: half its value burned by 2012 and a decade that did not bring it back; the ten-year BTP at the peak of the spread. FTSE MIB (year-end) 48,814 in 2026; 10-year BTP (annual average) 3.59% in 2025; ECB rate (deposit, year-end) 2.50% in 2026. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 05

    Money and Markets

    Milan in dollars: half its value burned by 2012 and a decade that did not bring it back; the ten-year BTP at the peak of the spread.

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    20062026
    48,814 FTSE MIB (year-end) latest
    3.59% 10-year BTP (annual average) 2025
    2.50% ECB rate (deposit, year-end) latest
  6. Credit and Household Debt. What borrowing costs, how much households owe against their own disposable income, and the NPL ratio sliding down from its crisis peak. Household loans €832bn in 2026; New mortgage rate (annual average) 3.23% in 2025; NPL share of loans 2.4% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 06

    Credit and Household Debt

    What borrowing costs, how much households owe against their own disposable income, and the NPL ratio sliding down from its crisis peak.

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    • credit/household_debt.csvBanca d'Italia — Base Dati Statistica (Conti finanziari: household + NPISH debt / disposable income) · 2006-2026
    • credit/lending_rate.csvBanca d'Italia — Base Dati Statistica (TUB/TAE lending rates, new business to households) · 2006-2026
    • credit/npl.csvBanca d'Italia — Base Dati Statistica (sofferenze e crediti, banks' balance-sheet quality) · 2006-2026
    • macro/gdp_estat.csvEurostat — nama_10_gdp (ESA 2010, Italy's transmission) · 2006-2026
    • markets/policy_rate.csvECB Data Portal — FM (DFR and MRO, daily, year-end) · 2006-2026
    20062025
    €832bn Household loans latest
    3.23% New mortgage rate (annual average) 2025
    2.4% NPL share of loans 2025
  7. Inequality and Poverty. The EU-SILC Gini from 2014, Europe's at-risk line and ISTAT's absolute poverty climbing after 2019. No statutory minimum wage: the collective agreements set the floors. At risk of poverty (60%) 18.6% in 2025; Gini (EU-SILC) 31.00 in 2025; Absolute poverty (ISTAT) 8.1% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 07

    Inequality and Poverty

    The EU-SILC Gini from 2014, Europe's at-risk line and ISTAT's absolute poverty climbing after 2019. No statutory minimum wage: the collective agreements set the floors.

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    20062025
    18.6% At risk of poverty (60%) 2025
    31.00 Gini (EU-SILC) 2025
    8.1% Absolute poverty (ISTAT) 2025
  8. Italy in the World. The economy's size in dollars, human development, and the official reserves — no gold figure in this archive past 2023. GDP in US$ US$ 2,552bn in 2025; HDI 0.915 in 2023; Reserves US$ 434bn in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 08

    Italy in the World

    The economy's size in dollars, human development, and the official reserves — no gold figure in this archive past 2023.

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    20062025
    US$ 2,552bn GDP in US$ 2025
    0.915 HDI 2023
    US$ 434bn Reserves latest
  9. The Demographic Winter. Fertility at 1.18 children per woman in 2024, among the lowest ever recorded in peacetime; more deaths than births in every year since 2007. Children per woman 1.18 in 2024; Death rate (per 1,000) 11.06 in 2025; Population (1 January) 58.9M in 2026. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 09

    The Demographic Winter

    Fertility at 1.18 children per woman in 2024, among the lowest ever recorded in peacetime; more deaths than births in every year since 2007.

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    20062024
    1.18 Children per woman 2024
    11.06 Death rate (per 1,000) 2025
    58.9M Population (1 January) latest
  10. Violence. Homicides counted twice — police and certificates — and falling either way; suicides flat for two decades; the mafia killing count waiting for ISTAT to open its flows again. Intentional homicides (police) 326 in 2024; Homicide rate (police) 0.6/100k in 2024; Suicide rate 6.3/100k in 2023. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 10

    Violence

    Homicides counted twice — police and certificates — and falling either way; suicides flat for two decades; the mafia killing count waiting for ISTAT to open its flows again.

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    • security/homicide_police.csvISTAT — flow 73_67 (Delitti denunciati dalle forze di polizia all'autorità giudiziaria; source data Ministero dell'Interno SDI) · 2006-2026
    • security/homicide_vital.csvISTAT — from causes_of_death (39_494, assault codes X85-Y09 in the European shortlist) · 2006-2026
    • social/causes_of_death.csvISTAT — flow 39_494_DF_DCIS_CMORTE1_RES_1 (Mortalità per territorio di residenza, causa) · 2006-2023
    • social/demography.csvEurostat — demo_gind (JAN, LBIRTH, DEATH) and demo_find (TOTFERRT) · 2006-2026
    20062024
    326 Intentional homicides (police) 2024
    0.6/100k Homicide rate (police) 2024
    6.3/100k Suicide rate 2023
  11. Mortality — Old Before Their Time. The climbing death rate, the 2020 excess over the 2015–19 average, and the certificate deaths with COVID as underlying cause. Deaths per 1,000 11.06 in 2025; COVID-19 deaths (certificates, 2020–23) 209,353; 2020 excess deaths +16.4% in 2020. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 11

    Mortality — Old Before Their Time

    The climbing death rate, the 2020 excess over the 2015–19 average, and the certificate deaths with COVID as underlying cause.

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    20062025
    11.06 Deaths per 1,000 2025
    209,353 COVID-19 deaths (certificates, 2020–23) 2020–2023 · total
    +16.4% 2020 excess deaths latest
  12. Migration — Arrivals, and the Citizens Who Leave. An arrivals flow that agrees with Eurostat, and an Italian emigration that has been climbing since 2015; acquired citizenships as the lens on the turnover. Immigrants (by citizenship) 451,583 in 2024; Emigrants (by citizenship) 188,903 in 2024; New citizens by naturalisation 217,448 in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 12

    Migration — Arrivals, and the Citizens Who Leave

    An arrivals flow that agrees with Eurostat, and an Italian emigration that has been climbing since 2015; acquired citizenships as the lens on the turnover.

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    20062024
    451,583 Immigrants (by citizenship) 2024
    188,903 Emigrants (by citizenship) 2024
    217,448 New citizens by naturalisation 2024