香港

香港

12 塊圖板，2006-2026

香港是中國的特別行政區，本頁把它當作一個經濟體來比較——正如所有國際數據集的做法：以 HKG 單獨列報，從不歸入 CHN。這裡每一條系列都是特區自己的：政府統計處的國民經濟核算、金管局的利率與儲備、衞生署的登記死亡、警方記錄的舉報罪案。每塊圖板都由已提交的 CSV 重新產生，圖與數字無法走散。標準格位沒有數據時會說明並交代原因；這裡沒有中國全國統計，也沒有畫出任何中國系列。

Where things stand

The plates

  1. The Economy. Four downturns in twenty years and a price level that barely moved: the peg imports American interest rates, so Hong Kong's cycles arrive from outside. Real growth +3.6% in 2025; GDP per person, US$ 56,983 in 2025; Unemployment 3.7% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 01

    經濟

    二十年間四次下滑，而物價幾乎不動：聯繫匯率把美國利率輸入，香港的周期因此來自外面。

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    • macro/cpi.csvC&SD — tables 510-60001 (composite CPI) and 510-60002 (underlying CPI) · 2006-2025
    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    • macro/labour.csvC&SD — table 210-06101, labour force statistics (General Household Survey) · 2006-2025
    • world/gdp_usd.csvWorld Bank WDI — NY.GDP.MKTP.CD and NY.GDP.PCAP.CD (ISO3 = HKG) · 2006-2025
    20062025
    +3.6% 實質增長 2025
    56,983 人均本地生產總值（美元） 2025
    3.7% 失業率 2025
  2. The Public Books. Two perimeters that disagree, both correctly: the government's cash account and the IMF's consolidated general government are drawn side by side, never joined. Cash balance HK$75bn in 2025; Gross debt, general government 9.2% GDP in 2024; Interest paid 0.19% in 2024. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 02

    公共財政

    兩套範圍各說各話，而兩者都對：政府的現金帳目與國際貨幣基金組織合併後的一般政府並列而畫，從不合併。

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    • fiscal/gg_imf.csvIMF World Economic Outlook via DataMapper — rev, exp, pb, GGXWDG_NGDP, ie · 2006-2024
    • fiscal/govt.csvC&SD — table 340-47001, Government revenue and expenditure under the General Revenue Account · 2006-2025
    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    20062025
    750億港元 現金盈餘 2025
    占GDP的9.2% 一般政府債務總額 2024
    0.19% 利息支出 2024
  3. Where the Money Goes. Health and public order take half of what the government consumes. Social protection reads near zero because the pensions and allowances are transfers, and transfers are outside this table. Government consumption 12.6% GDP in 2025; Whole-economy investment 16.9% GDP in 2025; Public investment 6.0% GDP in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 03

    錢往何處去

    衞生與公共秩序合共佔政府消費的一半。社會保障讀來接近零，因為退休金與津貼都是現金轉移，而轉移不在此表之內。

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    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    • spending/gce_function.csvC&SD — table 310-32023, government consumption expenditure by social and economic function · 2006-2025
    • spending/investment.csvC&SD — table 310-32031, gross domestic fixed capital formation by component · 2006-2025
    20062025
    占GDP的12.6% 政府消費 2025
    占GDP的16.9% 整體經濟投資 2025
    占GDP的6.0% 公共投資 2025
  4. Trade. An entrepot re-exports what it imports, so exports and imports each run near twice the economy. The Mainland takes six of every ten dollars of goods; the United States took one in seven in 2006 and one in sixteen now. Exports, goods and services 199.9% GDP in 2025; Trade balance +2.9% GDP in 2025; Merchandise exports, customs basis HK$5.24tn in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 04

    貿易

    轉口港進口什麼就轉口什麼，所以出口與進口各約等於經濟規模的兩倍。中國內地拿走每十元貨物出口中的六元；美國在2006年拿走七分之一，如今是十六分之一。

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    • macro/gdp.csvCensus and Statistics Department (C&SD) — tables 310-31001 and 310-30001 · 2006-2025
    • trade/destinations.csvC&SD — table 410-50013, total exports to the ten main destinations · 2006-2025
    • trade/merchandise.csvC&SD — table 410-50001, external merchandise trade aggregate figures · 2006-2025
    • trade/trade_gdp.csvComputed from C&SD national accounts (tables 310-31002) · 2006-2025
    20062025
    占GDP的199.9% 出口，貨物與服務 2025
    占GDP的+2.9% 貿易差額 2025
    5.24兆港元 商品出口，海關基準 2025
  5. Money and Markets. The Base Rate is the Fed's upper bound plus 50 basis points and the spot rate is held between 7.75 and 7.85: Hong Kong has no independent monetary policy to chart, so the plate charts the consequence instead. Base Rate 4.62% in 2025; HKD per US$ 7.80 in 2025; Hang Seng Index, year-end 25,631 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 05

    貨幣與市場

    基準利率是聯儲局目標上限加50基點，現貨匯率守在7.75至7.85之間：香港沒有獨立的貨幣政策可畫，圖板畫的是後果。

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    • macro/cpi.csvC&SD — tables 510-60001 (composite CPI) and 510-60002 (underlying CPI) · 2006-2025
    • markets/base_rate.csvHKMA Base Rate, as compiled by the BIS in WS_CBPOL (D.HK) · 2006-2025
    • markets/equity.csvHang Seng Index and S&P 500 year-end closes via Yahoo Finance · 2006-2025
    • markets/fx.csvC&SD — tables 340-46001 (exchange rates) and 340-46002 (effective exchange rate indices) · 2006-2025
    20062025
    4.62% 基準利率 latest
    7.80 港元兌美元 latest
    25,631 恒生指數，年底 latest
  6. Credit. Household debt rose 45 points of GDP in sixteen years and has turned; classified loans are still under 2%. A savings account paid a hundredth of a percentage point for a decade. Household debt 87.8% GDP in 2025; Classified loans 2.01% in 2025; Best lending rate 5.19% in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 06

    信貸

    住戶債務十六年間升了45個百分點，現已回落；特定分類貸款仍在2%以下。儲蓄存款利率曾連續十年只有百分之一厘。

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    20062025
    占GDP的87.8% 住戶債務 2025
    2.01% 特定分類貸款 2025
    5.19% 最優惠利率 latest
  7. People. Hong Kong publishes a Gini, a poverty rate and a minimum wage — in a census report, a poverty report and a Gazette notice. None has a machine-readable official series, so the three panels say so and the lens carries the median household income that does. Median household income HK$30,000 in 2025; In 2024 prices HK$27,548 in 2025; Real change since 2006 110 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 07

    人民

    香港有堅尼系數、貧窮率和最低工資——分別在普查報告、貧窮報告和憲報公告裡。三者都沒有機器可讀的官方系列，所以三格如實說明，透鏡格則載有確實存在的住戶收入中位數。

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    • people/income.csvC&SD — table 130-06102, statistics on domestic households · 2006-2025
    20062025
    30,000港元 住戶收入中位數 2025
    27,548港元 以2024年價格計 2025
    110 自2006年的實質變動 2025
  8. Hong Kong in the World. An economy of seven and a half million people with reserves larger than its annual output. Every international body reports it as HKG, never inside CHN. GDP US$ 427bn in 2025; Human Development Index 0.955 in 2023; Official reserves US$ 428bn in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 08

    香港在世界

    七百五十萬人的經濟體，外匯儲備更勝一年的產出。所有國際機構都以 HKG 單獨列報，從不歸入 CHN。

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    • world/corruption.csvTransparency International — Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 workbook, 'CPI Historical' sheet · 2006-2025
    • world/gdp_usd.csvWorld Bank WDI — NY.GDP.MKTP.CD and NY.GDP.PCAP.CD (ISO3 = HKG) · 2006-2025
    • world/hdi.csvUNDP — Human Development Report 2025 composite indices, complete time series · 2006-2025
    • world/reserves.csvHKMA — Monthly Statistical Bulletin table 8.4, foreign currency reserve assets · 2006-2025
    20062025
    4,273億美元 本地生產總值 2025
    0.955 人類發展指數 latest
    4,279億美元 官方儲備 latest
  9. Demography. Deaths have exceeded births since 2020 and the fertility rate is a third of replacement. What keeps the count near seven and a half million is movement across the border, and that is a policy, not a trend. Population 7.5M in 2025; Fertility rate 0.73 in 2025; Crude death rate 6.90 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 09

    人口

    自2020年起死亡多於出生，生育率只有替代水平的三分之一。把人口守在七百五十萬上下的是跨境流動，而那是政策，不是趨勢。

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    20062025
    750萬人 人口 latest
    0.73 總和生育率 2025
    6.90 粗死亡率 2025
  10. Security. Reported offences restart in 2021, when the police re-based their classification, and 2025 carries a single quarter that no other quarter resembles. Homicide rate 2.59/100k in 2025; Reported offences 89,137 in 2025; Violent offences 8,823 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 10

    治安

    舉報罪案自2021年重新開始，那年警方重訂分類；2025年有一季與其他任何一季都不相似。

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    • demography/population.csvC&SD — table 110-01001, population by sex and age group (mid-year) · 2006-2025
    • security/crime.csvHong Kong Police via C&SD — table 940-92033, cases reported by type of offence · 2021-2025
    20212025
    2.59/10萬人 兇殺率 2025
    89,137 舉報罪案 2025
    8,823 暴力罪案 2025
  11. Mortality. The fifth wave killed 9,291 people in 2022 with COVID-19 as the underlying cause — 126 per 100,000 — and took two and a half years off male life expectancy in a single year. Crude death rate 7.00 in 2024; Excess deaths +11.2% in 2024; Life expectancy, women 88.7 yrs in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 11

    死亡

    第五波在2022年奪去9,291人，根本死因為2019冠狀病毒病——每十萬人126宗——男性預期壽命一年之內少了兩年半。

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    20062024
    7.00 粗死亡率 2024
    +11.2% 超額死亡 2024
    88.7年 預期壽命，女性 latest
  12. Migration. There is no gross immigration series: what C&SD publishes is the residual after births and deaths, split into one-way permit holders from the Mainland and everyone else. In 2020 the second group left 96,000 people behind. Net movement, per 1,000 3.60 in 2025; One-way permit holders 25,000 in 2025; Everyone else 2,100 in 2025. Every figure is read from this country's committed CSVs. Plate 12

    遷移

    沒有總流入的系列：政府統計處公布的是出生與死亡之後的餘額，再分為內地單程通行證持有人與其他所有人。2020年第二組淨走了九萬六千人。

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    20062025
    3.60 淨遷移，每千人 2025
    25,000 單程通行證持有人 2025
    2,100 其他所有人 2025